theairfarecenter.com

Bahrain

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Bahrain

Constitution King: Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifah Prime minister Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah National Assembly Consultative Council Council of Representatives Political parties Elections: 2006 parliamentary Governorates Human rights Women’s political rights Foreign relations

Other countries · Atlas  Politics portal view • talk • edit

Al Muntada (or The Forum) is a Bahrain society set up by academics, journalists and businessmen to promote liberalism in the Kingdom.

It was established in 2001 to provide a place for liberals to debate how they could meet the challenge of religious extremist domination of political life, which has been a consequence of Bahrain’s democratization process; Shia and Sunni extremists have been the best organized and most popular political parties and have quickly filled the new political space opened by reforms.

Al Muntada has since met monthly to debate the most recent political issues. It is chaired by Adel Fakhro, the vice chairman is Gulf News columnist and South Asian specialist, Dr Abdullah Al Madani, and other leading members include journalist Sawsan Al Sha’er and Dr Ahmad Juma, the head of Al Meethaq.

The major challenge facing Bahraini liberals is their small number, while Islamist parties such as Asalah and Al Wefaq are mass organisations. Al Muntada does not pretend to have the same scale of support, but has sought to hold meetings to address issues of interest to a growing portion of the population. Because of the number of liberals, the group has not sought to become another political party but tries to use the new political space in civil society to influence opinion and policy.

In an Arab region where deference to religious figures is the norm, Al Muntada is unapologetically secular, giving voice to liberals’ aspirations and concerns. Its spokesmen have condemned the “dark forces” inside the parliament that want to “promote the same ideology of the Taliban”.

Traditionally Bahrain’s liberals had looked to the government to be their protector, and in some ways the government has signaled its intention to safeguard personal freedoms in the new political framework by appointing sixteen members of the liberal Al Meethaq party to the Consultative Council, Bahrain’s appointed upper chamber of parliament, to counter the dominance of Islamists in the lower chamber. However, liberals have expressed the strongest concern after the government has signaled that it will avoid confrontation with Islamist MPs over issues such as the sale of alcohol during Ramadan, and other personal freedoms.

Among the intiaitives launched by Al Muntada is a campaign to protect personal freedoms, We Have A Right, with affiliate organisations, Bahrain Youth Society, National Liberal Thought Society, Bahrain Women’s Society, National Action Charity Society, the Future Forum Society and the Alumni Club, spearheading the task force. The group has criticised legislative proposals put forward by Ali Mattar MP for the introduction of Sharia Law. Dr Abdullah Al Madani told the Gulf Daily News “Could you have ever imagined in your lives that someone in Bahrain could ever propose a law to cut off hands?”

Within the elected Chamber of Deputies Al Muntada is known to be close to the Economists Bloc and to a lesser extent, the Democratic Bloc.

Islamists have responded to the challenge posed by Al Muntada by ignoring it initially and then seeking to portray it as a pro-government, pro-American and elitist.

coach norra sneaker

john excavators

In enzymology, a GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose 4-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.135) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose, NAD⁺, and NADP⁺, whereas its 4 products are GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose, NADH, NADPH, and H⁺.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose:NAD(P)+ 4-oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called guanosine diphospho-6-deoxy-D-talose dehydrogenase. This enzyme participates in fructose and mannose metabolism.

References

• IUBMB entry for 1.1.1.135
• BRENDA references for 1.1.1.135
• PubMed references for 1.1.1.135
• PubMed Central references for 1.1.1.135
• Google Scholar references for 1.1.1.135
• Markovitz A (1964). “Biosynthesis of guanosine diphosphate D-rhamnose and guanosine diphosphate D-talomethylose from guanosine diphosphate alpha-D-mannose”. J. Biol. Chem. 239: 2091–2098. 

External links

.

• IUBMB entry for 1.1.1.135
• KEGG entry for 1.1.1.135
• BRENDA entry for 1.1.1.135
• NiceZyme view of 1.1.1.135
• EC2PDB: PDB structures for 1.1.1.135
• PRIAM entry for 1.1.1.135
• PUMA2 entry for 1.1.1.135
• IntEnz: Integrated Enzyme entry for 1.1.1.135
• MetaCyc entry for 1.1.1.135
• Atomic-resolution structures of enzymes belonging to this class

triple h

Coordinates: 51°08?38?N 2°39?07?W? / ?51.14395°N 2.65181°W? / 51.14395; -2.65181

West Pennard is a village and civil parish east of Glastonbury in the Mendip district of Somerset, England. The parish includes the hamlets of Coxbridge and Woodlands.

History

The village takes its name from the Old English penn-ardd meaning high hill.

The manor was granted to Glastonbury Abbey by Baldred, king of the Mercians in 681, and was held by the Abbey until the dissolution of the monasteries in 1539. It was then granted to the Duke of Somerset.

West Pennard Court Barn dates from the 15th-century barn. It was built as a Tithe Barn for the abbey and is now owned by the National Trust.

Manor Farmhouse in Coxbridge and Higher Southtown Farmhouse both date from the 17th century.

Governance

The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council’s operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council’s role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

The village falls within the Non-metropolitan district of Mendip, which was formed on April 1, 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Wells Rural District, who are responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.

Somerset County Council are responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.

It is also part of the Wells county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election, and part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament which elects seven MEPs using the d’Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.

Transport

West Pennard railway station was a station on the Highbridge branch of the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway. It opened in 1862 and closed in 1962.

Religious sites

The Church of St Nicholas dates from the 15th century and is a Grade I listed building. The churchyard cross, which was built between 1493 and 1524 by Abbot Richard Beere of Glastonbury, is also Grade I listed.

kenwood super eleven receiver

Main article: Oregon State Parks and Recreation Department

Crown Point and Vista House, taken from Portland Women’s Forum viewpoint

Silver Falls

Smith Rock

Whale watching center at Depoe Bay

North of Cape Falcon in Oswald West State Park

Oswald West State Park’s Smuggler Cove

Cape Kiwanda

Ukiah–Dale Forest State Scenic Corridor

This is a list of state parks and other facilities managed by the State Parks and Recreation Department of the U.S. state of Oregon.

The variety of locales and amenities of the parks reflect the diverse geography of Oregon, including beaches, forests, lakes, rock pinnacles, and deserts. The state parks offer many outdoor recreation opportunities, such as overnight camping facilities, day hiking, fishing, boating, historic sites, and scenic rest stops and viewpoints.

Regions

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

The Parks and Recreation Department classifies its parks according to these regions:

• North Coast – From the Columbia River to just south of Lincoln City
• Central Coast – From Lincoln City to Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area
• South Coast – From the Dunes NRA to California
• Willamette Valley – From the south edge of the Portland metro area south to Cottage Grove
• Southern Oregon – South of the Willamette Valley, from the coast range east through Lake County
• Portland/Columbia Gorge – Columbia County and the northern Willamette Valley and east along the Columbia River where it passes through the Cascade Range
• Central Oregon – The northern half of the high plateau Great Basin east of the Cascades
• Eastern Oregon – The eastern forty percent of the state

Bibliography

• Jan Bannan. Oregon State Parks: A Complete Recreation Guide, second edition. Seattle: The Mountaineers Books. 2002. ISBN 0-89886-794-0
• Oregon Parks & Heritage Guide 2008. October 2007. Oregon State Parks and Recreation Department.

Notes

1. ^ Year round is the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department designation for the site; it probably reflects whether maintenance is performed. The site may be accessible and of interest even when closed.
2. ^ All state campgrounds have tent sites; yurts, cabins, tepees, and RV sites are available at some.
3. ^ This is the nearest incorporated city referenced in the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department website driving directions (though the site may actually be in another, unincorporated, community) except for the gorge locations where the OSPRD website is inconsistent. For those, the nearest incorporated city or Multnomah Falls is used as a reference.

• Oregon Secretary of State (September 15, 2008). “The Oregon Administrative Rules contain OARs filed through September 15, 2008″. http://www.sos.state.or.us/archives/rules/OARS_700/OAR_736/736_018.html. Retrieved on 2008-10-23. 

See also

• List of lists about Oregon

Bad Ways To Lose Weight Fast

Pope Paul III with his cardinal-nephew Alessandro Cardinal Farnese (left) and his other grandson, Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma

The papal conclave from November 29, 1549 to February 7, 1550, which was convened after the death of Pope Paul III, was the second-longest papal conclave of the 16th century, and (at the time) the largest papal conclave in history in terms of the number of cardinal electors. The cardinal electors (who at one point totalled fifty-one) were roughly divided between the factions of Henry II of France, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and Alessandro Farnese, the cardinal-nephew of Paul III.

Noted for the extensive interference of European powers, the conclave was to determine whether and on what terms the Council of Trent would reconvene (supported by Charles V and opposed by Henry II) and the fate of the Duchies of Parma and Piacenza (claimed by both Charles V and the House of Farnese). Although the conclave nearly elected Reginald Cardinal Pole, the late arrival of additional French cardinals pushed the conclave back into deadlock, and eventually Giovanni del Monte was elected Pope Julius III as a compromise candidate.

The French hoped that Julius III would be hostile to the interests of the Holy Roman Empire. Nevertheless, tensions between him and the French boiled over when he reconvened the Council of Trent in November 1550, culminating in the threat of Schism in August 1551 and the brief War of Parma fought between French troops allied with Ottavio Farnese and a papal-imperial army. French prelates did not attend the 1551–1552 sessions of the Council of Trent and were slow to accept its reforms; because Henry II would not allow any French cardinals to reside in Rome, many missed the election of Pope Marcellus II, arriving in Rome just in time to elect Marcellus II’s successor Pope Paul IV after Marcellus II’s brief reign.

Cardinal-electors

Pope Paul III had enlarged the College of Cardinals to an unprecedented fifty-four, and the length of the conclave allowed many of the foreign cardinals to arrive, bringing the number of cardinal electors at one point to fifty-one, although two died and several fell ill during the conclave, reducing their number to forty-four by the final scrutiny (ballot).

According to the tally of Cardinal Charles de Lorraine-Guise in his letter to Henry II, once the twelve participating French cardinals reached Rome, twenty-three cardinals were aligned in the French faction, twenty-two in the Imperial faction, and four neutral; thus Guise judged it impossible for either faction to garner the necessary two-thirds simply by persuading neutral cardinals. In addition, eleven Italian cardinals whom Guise counted among the French faction were only likely to vote for a fellow Italian, making the three favorites of Henry II—Louis de Bourbon de Vendôme, Jean de Lorraine, and Georges d’Amboise—unfeasable. The non-French cardinal protector of France, d’Este, would then have been the choice of Henry II; Catherine de’ Medici preferred her cousin Giovanni Salviati, who was extremely unacceptable to the Imperial faction and the Farnese.

In contrast, Charles V favored Juan Álvarez de Toledo followed by Reginald Pole, and found unacceptable all of the French cardinals as well as Salviati, Nicolò Ridolfi, and the two prelates responsible for the transfer of the Council of Trent to Bologna (Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte and Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi).

Absentee cardinals

Procedure

The cardinals employed a folded schedula to keep the ballots secret

The rules of the conclave, as laid out in Ubi periculum and codified into canon law were nominally observed, but also blatantly disgregarded, especially with respect to the rules prohibiting communication with the outside world. Some unauthorized persons are known to have been present in the conclave, leaving through the small door left open (per portulam ostio conclavis relictam). Portuguese Cardinal Miguel de Silva, irked by the presence of ambassadors from both Charles V and Henry II, complained to Dean de Cupis that the conclave was “more open than closed” (non conclusum sed patens conclave). By January 14, with the arrival of Louis de Bourbon, there were approximately 400 people in the conclave, only 48 of whom were cardinals—including the brothers of some cardinals, the representatives of secular rulers, and those whose only purpose was to inform the outside world on the proceedings.

On November 27, the twelve cardinals who had arrived in Rome by then, joined the twenty-nine who had been in Rome at the death of Paul III in drawing lots of the assignment of cells during the conclave; however, those who were already ill were given preferential cell placement without having to draw lots.

On December 3, the conclavists decided to proceed with “closed” ballots (ut vota secreto darentur), having read and sworn to adhere to the bull of Pope Julius II against simonical election, Contra simoniacos, and Pope Gregory X’s bull establishing the conclave, Ubi periculum on December 1.

On January 31, a reform committee—composed of Carafa, Bourbon, Pacheco, Truchess, de Silva, and Pole—decided on thirteen new rules: limiting each cardinal to three conclavists, preventing cardinals from enlarging or switching assigned cells, prohibiting private meetings of more than three cardinals, banning eating together or sharing food, and confining the cardinals to their cells between 10:30 p.m. and dawn; physicians and barbers were each limited to three Italians, and one each of France, Germany, and Spain.

Balloting

Reginald Pole, the second choice of Charles V and early favorite of the conclave

The first scrutiny was held on December 3, the fifth day of the conclave in the Cappella Paolina (not the Sistine Chapel, which had been divided into nineteen cells for infirm cardinals).

Because it took ten days for the news of Pope Paul III to reach the French court, at the start of the conclave almost all the cardinals aligned with the Holy Roman Empire were in Rome, while only two of the fourteen French cardinals were in Italy (one was Antoine du Meudon, who had been vacationing in Farnese territory); because one clauses of the Concordat of Bologna allowed the pope to fill French benefices if the French prelate died in Rome, Henry II exhorted his cardinals to remain in France, and relied on his non-French allies (in particular, Ippolito II d’Este) to act as his go between with the Roman Curia. d’Este had done his best to delay the start of the conclave to allow the French cardinals to arrive, using his influence to schedue the papal funeral (which was, by law, nine days long) to begin an unusual nine days after Paul III’s death.

At the start of the conclave, Alessandro Farnese, the cardinal-nephew of Paul III, and his faction of four or five cardinals (including Ranuccio Farnese and Guido Ascanio Sforza), whom Guise had counted among the French faction, began supporting the second choice of the Holy Roman Emperor, Reginald Pole, apparently having received assurances that Ottavio Farnese’s claim to the Duchy of Parma would be supported by Charles V. On December 5, Pole received twenty-six votes, only two short of the requisite two-thirds majority, prompting French ambassador Claude d’Urfé to rush to the door of the conclave, demanding that the conclave wait for the French cardinals, whom he claimed were in Corsica, and threatening that the election of a pope in their absence would be likely to cause a Schism.

Giovanni Del Monte was elected Pope Julius III.

Whether or not Urfé’s warning had any effect on the conclavists, from December 7, when the French cardinals landed south of Genoa, to the end of the conclave, Pole polled no more twenty-four or twenty-three votes. On December 11, four French cardinals—Guise, Charles II de Bourbon-Vendôme, Odet de Coligny de Châtillon, and Jean du Bellay—arrived, bringing the requisite supermajority to thirty-one. Henry II bankrolled Guise with a sum of 150,000 écus, likely for bribes, and additional French cardinals began to trickle into the conclave: Georges d’Amboise and Philippe de la Chambre on December 28; Jean de Lorraine on December 31; and (the extremely elderly) Louis de Bourbon on January 14.

By the end of January, Pole had dropped to twenty-one votes, but the French faction remained split between Carafa, de Bourbon, Lorraine, and Salviati; Este’s candidacy, though desired by many in the French College, had not yet been put forward, perhaps having been held back in hopes that he would be more acceptable as the conclave dragged on. Toward the end of January, in accordance with traditional efforts to counter dillatory cardinals, the amenities and rations of the conclave were decreased and the upper story windows were closed to reduce the natural lighting and fresh air. Soon afterwards, Ridolfi—the French candidate most acceptable to Farnese—died amid accusations of poisoning on January 31.

A letter dated February 6 from Henry II, advising Guise to support a neutral candidate, never reached the conclave before its conclusion. Although Del Monte had originally been opposed both by the Imperial faction (for his role in moving the Council of Trent) and the French faction (for his Plebian geneaology and alleged personal indiscretions), he attained the support of the French for his perceived past hostility to the Empire, the support of Farnese for his pledge to support the claim of Ottavio Farnese in Parma, and the support of a few Imperialists, having not been specifically excluded in Charles V’s last letter. On February 7, on the sixty-first scrutiny of the conclave Del Monte was “unanimously” elected Pope Julius III (forty-one cardinals had previously acquiesced to his candidacy, although the more fervent of the Imperialists had not until it was already inevitable).

Primary sources

The main sources for the proceedings and vote-counts of the conclave come from the accounts Enrico Dandolo of Venice, Simon Renard (the Imperial ambassador to France), and Diego de Mendoza (ambassador to Charles V), the correspondences between Henry II and Guise and d’Este, and the diaries of the various conclavists. In particular, Angelo Massarelli, the secretary of Marcello Cervini, devotes his entire fifth diary to the conclave.

The papabili

Further information: Gambling on papal elections

Before and during the conclave, many Roman bankers offered betting spreads on the papabili (cardinals likely to be elected). According to Dandolo, “it is more than clear that the merchants are very well informed about the state of the poll, and that the cardinals’ attendants in Conclave go partners with them in wagers, which thus causes many tens of thousands of crowns to change hands” (an early example of insider trading).

Cardinal del Monte (who was eventually elected Julius III) had eventually started out as the favorite at 1 to 5, trailed by Salviati, Ridolfi, and Pole, but Pole was the favorite three days later at 1 to 4. By December 5, Pole’s odds had risen to 95 to 100. With the arrival of four additional French cardinals on December 11, Pole’s odds fell to 2 to 5.

On January 22, the odds quoted against the conclave finishing during January were 9 to 10, against February: 1 to 2, against March: 1 to 5, and never: 1 to 10.

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c} Baumgartner, 1985, p. 301.
2. ^ ^{a b} Baumgartner, 1985, p. 302.
3. ^ Baumgartner, 1985, pp. 306–308.
4. ^ Baumgartner, 1985, pp. 313–314.
5. ^ Baumgartner, 1985, p. 314.
6. ^ ^{a b c} Baumgartner, 1985, p. 304.
7. ^ ^{a b c d} Baumgartner, 1985, p. 305.
8. ^ ^{a b} Setton, 1984, p. 506.
9. ^ ^{a b c} Setton, 1984, p. 508.
10. ^ Setton, 1984, p. 517-518.
11. ^ ^{a b} Setton, 1984, p. 507.
12. ^ ^{a b} Setton, 1984, p. 509.
13. ^ Setton 1984, pp. 518–519.
14. ^ Baumgartner, 1985, p. 303.
15. ^ ^{a b c d e} Baumgartner, 1985, p. 306.
16. ^ Baumgartner, 1985, p. 307.
17. ^ ^{a b c d} Baumgartner, 1985, p. 308.
18. ^ ^{a b} Baumgartner, 1985, p. 309.
19. ^ ^{a b c} Baumgartner, 1985, p. 310.
20. ^ Baumgartner, 1985, p. 311.
21. ^ ^{a b} Baumgartner, 1985, p. 312.

Obese Charts

anchorman

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (December 2008) (Find sources: Sydney Kargbo – news, books, scholar)

Sydney Kargbo (born 1 July 1986 in Freetown, Sierra Leone) is a Sierra Leonean international footballer.

He is a central defender/defensive midfielder who plays for FC Inter Turku in the Finnish Veikkausliiga. Kargbo previously played FC Brussels in the Belgian First Division.

Kargbo plays for the Leone’s Star, Sierra Leone senior soccer team. He is the younger brother of fellow Sierra Leonean international footballer, Ibrahim Kargbo, who plays for Willem II in the Dutch Eredivisie. He is commonly know in Sierra Leone by his nickname Pablo Cham.former teams are Sierra Rangers, Sporting Charleroi

coupons

microsoft trackball explorer

Warhead
Developer(s)	Motion Picture House
Publisher(s)	Activision
Designer(s)	Glyn Williams
Platform(s)	Amiga, Atari ST
Release date(s)	1989

Warhead is a 3D space combat simulator for Amiga (A500 and A2000) and Atari ST platforms. Warhead is known for its strong alien atmosphere, reasonably realistic space kinematics and a fish-eye perspective through which the space is viewed. It was created by Glyn Williams in 1989.

The game takes place during a war between the alien forces of Sirius and the humans of Earth. The player fights for the Earth forces. The game is played as sequential missions. Completing a mission successfully lets the player advance to the next mission. It is possible to save the game status after each mission, but not during a mission. Typical mission objectives include intelligence gathering, search and rescue missions, destroying enemies and protecting friendly forces. The player is sent for missions from the SolBase, a military base orbiting the Sun. The player must travel to different solar systems using a device that allows faster than light travel through quad-space, which is a form of hyperspace.

Story

The story takes place in a fight between the alien forces of Sirius and the humans of Earth. The player has been enrolled as a fighter pilot for the Fist-of-Earth space force. The player is led to know that the forces of Sirius have attacked humans for an unknown reason. The player knows the following:

The enemy are an insect-like species from the star system Sirius. It is suspected that their present evolutionary form was achieved at the time there were Dinosaurs on Earth. It is also theorised that insects on Earth and Sirius share a same ancestor.

The Sirians operate as a group-minds of groups of tens or maybe hundreds of insects. As individuals the Sirians are not intelligent, but their intelligence comes from being part in large groups. It is argued that their civilization acts as a single entity. The group-mind is based on radio communication that is a natural property of the metallic parts in their bodies. It is speculated that spaceship manufacturing technology is relatively new for the Sirians and that the first Sirian vessel was launched in 1897 from Sirius Five.

The Earth was attacked in the year 2045 by the Sirian fleet. The invasion lead to a planetary winter and 3 thousand million casualties and in following years a third of the Earth population died as a consequence.

The attack lead to political unity and the dissolution of national borders on Earth. The organisation called the Fist of Earth was formed to defend the Earth. The most important military base called SolBase was built in Earth orbit. When the SolBase became operational it was moved to orbit the Sun to a position that was thought to be a best place to defend the whole solar system.

Missions

The game consists of 39 missions.

• Mission 1 takes the player to practice ship control near the SolBase.
• Mission 2 familiarizes the player with Quad-space motors. The ship must be flown to Earth space by using quad-space motors.
• Mission 3 familiarizes the player with using Stinger missiles in Deimos system.
• Mission 4 familiarizes the player with using Mass-driver-cannon (MDC) in Venus system.
• Mission 5 familiarizes the player with using Pilot Recovery Module (PRM), the rescue module of the ship.
• Mission 6 is a patrolling mission to Mercury-space.
• Mission 7 is a patrolling mission to Triton-space to investigate unexplained sensor damage. The player encounters a small Sirian drone.
• Mission 8 is an emergency mission in Triton-space to investigate an unknown number of alien intruders. The player encounters two A-Wings.
• Mission 9 is a trip to Miranda-space (Uranus) to protect a trading convoy with technical problems. The player encounters two A-Wings.
• Mission 10 investigates a gravitational effect on Mimas Deep-Space gravity telescope. The CH-010 star has turned into a black-hole.

Technology

Ships

• A-wing, a basic alien attack craft with 256 insects
• Berzerker, a vast cigar shaped vessel/creature of unknown origin
• Corsair, a small interplanetary cargo ship used by human contraband traders
• C-wing, an advanced alien fighter vessel
• Drone, an alien miniature spacecraft
• FoE-57, the interstellar fighter vessel commanded by the player. The primary attack ship of the Earth forces.
• H-wing, an ultra-advanced fighter of the Sirian League with a large crew
• Krugerbase, an incomplete star base at Kruger 60
• Pilot recovery module, the escape pod of FoE-57
• See Drone (entities of the alien drone squadrons)
• SolBase, the main military base of the Earth forces.
• Superfreighter, a multi-hull cargo ship.
• Target drone, a target practice unit.
• Tech-ship, a general purpose space vehicle often used for technical repairs.

Weapons

• Mass-driver cannon.
• Proximity mine, detonates close to its target.
• Pseudostellar missile, the most destructive missile weapon. It destroys everything within a 5 km radius.
• Stinger missile, a classic homing missile.
• X-ray laser mine, a small fusion device that produces multiple X-ray beams to destroy multiple targets.

Other

• Data-gathering probe, the DGP or Probe-Missile performs intense data-gathering on impact with its target.
• Quad-jump device, a device used to jump from one solar system to another through a quad-space

List of places

• Albemuth (Proxima Centauri)
• Alpha Centauri
• Black-Veil Nebula
• CH-010 (blackhole)
• Deimos (Mars)
• Goldenman (Proxima Centauri)
• Kruger 60
• Mercury
• Miranda (Uranus)
• Pluto
• Scorpion Nebula
• Sigma Draconis
• Sirius
• Triton (Neptune)
• Tau-Ceti
• Venus
• XI

Trivia

• The game was copy-protected using Rob Northen copylock.

Cheats

To jump levels using an emulator (such as Unix Amiga Emulator) or Action Replay one can edit memory location 0×48364 to set the initial mission number. The memory location contains a 16-bit initial mission number. The first mission has value 1. With UAE one should halt the execution of the game during the Warhead credit screen with the ship and stars scrolling on the background by going into debug mode. The same procedure works with action replay. With UAE, issue the command: W 48364 x, where x is n*65536+29964, where n is the mission number. This command actually writes a 32-bit because the debugger does not support writing 16-bit values. One must compute the value with an external program because the UAE debug parser can not evaluate expressions. This modifies Warhead initialization code to initialize a requested mission number. The real mission number lies in the address 0×750c which is a 16-bit number.

lia sophia earrings

projector screen

duo intel

doll house

This article is missing citations or needs footnotes. Please help add inline citations to guard against copyright violations and factual inaccuracies. (January 2009)

It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Ras Burqa massacre. (Discuss)

Suleiman Khater (Arabic ?????? ????, also transcribed Soleiman, Sulaiman, Sulayman, Suliman etc.) was an Egyptian soldier who on October 5, 1985 opened fire on Israeli tourists vacationing in the Sinai, killing seven. While Israel demanded that he be harshly punished, a number of voices in the Arab world expressed support for his actions, including the parliament of Kuwait. Khater was found hanged in his jail cell in January 1986, and many suspected that the Egyptian authorities staged a “suicide” as a convenient escape from their political dilemma. After his death, the Iranian government of Ayatollah Khomeini issued a stamp “In honour of the martyrdom of Sulayman Khater, Hero of Sinai”, and named a street in Tehran for him.

See also

• Ras Burqa massacre
• Sinai hotel bombings

box ballet

blower

Ahmed Deedat

Islamic Preacher
Sheikh Ahmed Hussein Deedat
Full name	Ahmed Hussein Deedat
Birth	July 1, 1918(1918-07-01) Gujarat, India
Death	August 8, 2005 (aged 87)
School/tradition	Islam
Main interests	Islamic Dawah, scholar in comparative religion, Bible

Sheikh Ahmed Hussein Deedat (July 1, 1918–August 8, 2005) was a South African Muslim scholar, charismatic public speaker and Islamic missionary of Indian descent. He was best known for his numerous inter-religious public debates with evangelical Christians, as well as pioneering video lectures most of which centered around Islam, Christianity and the Bible. He also established the IPCI, an internationally renown Islamic missionary organization under whose auspices Deedat wrote and mass produced several booklets on Islam and Christianity. He was awarded the prestigious King Faisal Award in 1986 for his 50 years of missionary work. Deedat aimed at providing Muslims with theological tools for defending themselves against the intense missionary strivings of many Christian denominations. He used English instead of Arabic or any other language to get his message across to Muslim minorities in the western world.

Biography

Early Years 1918-1942

Ahmed Deedat was born in Gujarat, India in 1918. His father had emigrated to South Africa shortly after the birth of Ahmed Deedat. At the age of 9, Deedat went to join his father in what is now known as Kwazulu-Natal. His mother died few months after Deedat left for South Africa. Applying himself with diligence to his studies, Deedat was able to overcome the language barrier and excel in school, getting promotions until he completed standard 6. He had to start working at the age of 16.

In 1936, while working as a furniture salesman Deedat came across missionaries at a Christian seminary on the Natal South Coast. The missionaries in their efforts to convert people of Muslim faith, would often accuse the Prophet Mohammad of having “used the sword” to bring people to Islam. Such attacks were a major influence on Deedat’s subsequent interest in comparative religion.

Deedat got his first break when, while rummaging for reading material in his employer’s basement, he came across a book entitled “Izhar ul-Huqq” (Truth Revealed), written by Rahmatullah Kairanhvi. This book which chronicled the efforts of Christian missionaries in India from a century earlier. This book had a profound effect on Deedat who then purchased his first Bible and began holding debates and discussions with trainee missionaries, whose questions he had previously been unable to answer.

His foray into Bible Studies took a more serious turn when he started attending Islamic study classes held by a local Muslim convert named Mr. Fairfax. Seeing the popularity of his classes, Mr. Fairfax offered to teach an extra session on the Bible and how to preach to Christians about Islam. Deedat and a few others were delighted at the opportunity. However, only a few months into the project, Mr. Fairfax had to pull out of his engagement, and Deedat, who was quite knowledgeable about the Bible already, took over teaching the class. Which he did for three whole years and later credited for expanding his horizons significantly towards missionary work.

Early Missionary Work 1942-1956

Deedat’s first lecture, entitled “Muhammad: Messenger of Peace”, was delivered in 1942 to an audience of fifteen people at a Durban movie theatre named Avalon Cinema.. Over time, Deedat’s popularity as a public speaker grew in Durban, to the point that he was invited to speak in other cities in South Africa. A decade later he was filling City halls with audiences numbering in the thousands in cities such as Johannesburg and Cape Town.

A major vehicle of Deedat’s early missionary activity was the ‘Guided Tours’ of the Jumma Mosque in Durban. The vast ornamental Jumma Mosque was a landmark site in the tourist friendly city of Durban. A sophisticated program of luncheons, speeches and free hand-outs was created to give an increasingly large number of international tourists often their first look at Islam. Deedat himself featured as one of the guides, hosting tourists and giving succinct introductions to the Islamic Religion and the relationship between Islam and Christianity.

IPCI and as-Salaam 1956-1986

By 1956, missionary work in the form of frequent public speaking engagements and the popular guided tours of the Jumma Masjid had begun to pay dividends. Enquiries about Islam from the general public in South Africa had started to pour in at an increasing rate. Soon it became apparent that working from the mosque office was not going to be sufficient to handle the demand for literature and to facilitate an increasing number of people showing more than simply tourist level interest in Islam.

Among Deedat’s close friends were Goolam Hoosein Vanker and Taahir Rasool, whom many refer to as ‘the unsung heroes of Deedat’s career’. In 1957, Deedat, together with Vanker and Rasool, founded the Islamic Propagation Centre International (IPCI) with the aims to print a variety of books on Islam and offer classes to new Muslims converts.

In 1958, Deedat also established an Islamic seminary called As-Salaam Educational Institute on a donated 75-acre piece of land located in Braemar in the south of Natal province.

With these newly founded missionary organizations as his backbone, Deedat engaged into a broader range of activities over the next three decades. He conducted classes on Biblical Theology and conducted numerous lectures. Da`wah (inviting people towards Islam) became the dominant factor of his life, with the audiences at his lectures reaching forty thousand. He later also went on to write a large number of booklets, distributing millions of copies of free literature and pamphlets across the world, conducted classes on Bible studies and also delivered numerous lectures and held debates on varied topics of Islam, Christianity and Judaism to large numbers of audiences.

International Fame 1985-1995

By the early 1980s, Ahmed Deedat’s works was beginning to be known outside his native South Africa. In 1985, he twice rented the prestigious Royal Albert Hall in London to debate in front of a packed audience. In 1986, he was awarded the King Faisal Award for his services to Islam in the field of Dawah (Islamic missionary activity). The award squarely brought Deedat into the limelight and the attention of the international community. At the ripe old age of 66, Deedat began a new phase in his lifetime mission of preaching to Christians, a ten-year long period of international speaking tours around the world. Travelling far and wide to Muslim communities from Australia at one end to North America at the other end. Some of his known tours include:

• Saudi Arabia and Egypt (on several occasions)
• United Kingdom (on several occasions between 1985 and 1988)
• Pakistan, where Deedat met Zia al-Haq, UAE and Maldives Islands (Nov-Dec 1987), where Deedat was honored by President Gayhoom.
• Switzerland (March 1987 where he spoke in Geneva)
• US Tour Number 1 (late 1986 featuring debates with Swaggart, Robert Douglas and several lectures including two in Arizona)
• Sweden and Denmark (late 1991 featuring three debates)
• US and Canada Tour (1994 tour featuring debate in Canada)
• Australia Tour (his last tour in early 1996 just before the stroke)

Illness and Death 1996-2005

On May 3, 1996, Sheikh Ahmed Deedat suffered a stroke which left him paralyzed from the neck down because of a Cerebral Vascular Accident affecting the Brain Stem, and which also meant that he could no longer speak or swallow. He was flown to King Faisal Specialist Hospital in Riyadh, where he was reported to be fully alert and hence taught to communicate through a series of eye-movements via a chart whereby he would form words by acknowledging individual alphabets read out to him; this way he would form complete sentences.

He spent the last nine years of his life in a bed in his home in Verulam, South Africa, encouraging people to engage in Da’wah (Islam propagation). He was looked after by his wife, Hawa Deedat, and was reported to have no bed-sores at all. He continued to receive hundreds of letters of support from around the world, but was a target to many missionaries who tried to convert him to Christianity, to which he replied -via head and eye movements- with verses from the Bible. In October 2002 Deedat was visited by Reverend Naidoo who requested Deedat to let him read a verse of the Bible in order to inspire him and pray for his healing. Deedat in turn, through his eye-movements—the sole method of communication he had been taught at King Faisal Specialist Hospital after being paralyzed—asked him to read out and explain the moral of the event described in Genesis 19:30.For this the Reverend had no answer and thereafter left the place. A similar later attempt at converting Deedat was made by a young Christian gym owner named Ringo who claimed he could heal Deedat through a miracle by saying “Jesus heal him! Rise up!”, however Deedat quoted Matthew 7:21 and then asked him “Why would Jesus tell you this when you came to do such a noble job?”

On August 8, 2005, Ahmed Deedat died at his home on Trevennen Road in Verulam in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. He is buried at the Verulam cemetery.

Debates

Video Cover of the Great Debate with Anis Sharrosh

Deedat’s first well-known debate occurred in August 1981 when he debated well-known Christian apologist Josh McDowell in Durban, South Africa. Another popular early Deedat debate (Sept 1984 in Durban) featured a symposium with missionary Gary Miller who was to later convert to Islam (now Abdul-Ahad Omar) Deedat also held a combined lecture with Catholic cleric James Cunningham, who converted after debating with him about Islam and Christianity. Many of his debates were later broadcasted online on Youtube, among other sites.

Debates with Anis Shorrosh

Deedat had memorable tussles with Palestinian-American missionary Dr. Anis Shorrosh. Shorrosh first came to public attention when he showed up at the Q&A sessions on two separate occasions during Deedat’s summer 1985 tour of the UK (where he debated Dr. Floyd E. Clark). Thereon ensued some back and forth and the result was two highly contentious debates, the first entitled Is Jesus God? took place right away in Dec 1985 at the prestigious Royal Albert Hall in London. The second debate was organized with much fanfare and held in Birmingham, UK on August 7th, 1988; entitled The Quran or the Bible: Which is God’s Word the ‘Great Debate’ spanned a total of 240 minutes including the Q&A session.

Debate with Jimmy Swaggart

Deedat’s most famous moment came when he managed to land a debate with televangelist Jimmy Swaggart in Swaggart’s hometown of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. The debate was entitled Is The Bible the Word of God, and was held in November 1986 at the University of Louisiana, attended by about 8,000 people at a time when Jimmy Swaggart was one of the leading faces of evangelical Christianity.

Henry Hock Guan Teh, a well-known Christian writer described the debate against Jimmy Swaggart in his article The Law of Evidence as:

Before the debate, Swaggart is reported to have attacked Islam’s allowance of Polygamy by asserting that he was “happy with one wife”. His arguments were later proved to be false, when in a spate of just 5 years after the debate, Swaggart was caught twice in damaging sex scandals and lost most of his international following and stature soon.

The debate however made major impacts in the Muslim and Christian worlds. After having watched a video cassette of the debate, Kenneth L. Jenkins, a Minister and Elder of Church, Indiana USA, converted to Islam. He has since changed his name to Abdullah M. al-Faruque

Other Notable Debates

In his US tour of 1986, Deedat also debated Dr. Robert Douglas, PhD (Zwimmer Institute) at the University of Kansas in November 1986 in a debate entitled Crucifixion: Fact or Fiction. Deedat’s last major debate entitled Was Jesus Crucified? took place at the Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto, Canada on July 17th, 1994 featuring Wesley H. Wakefield (Bishop General of the Bible Holiness Movement of Vancouver).

In Oct-Nov 1991, Deedat toured Scandinavia where he held three debates and several speeches. Two of these debates where held on successive nights against Pastor Stanley Sjöberg in Stockholm, Sweden. The first of these was entitled Is the Bible the True Word of God? . and the second debate was Is Jesus God?.. Deedat then traveled to Denmark where he debated Pastor Eric Bock in Copenhagen in a debate entitled Is Jesus God?

Another debate occurs in a more informal guest room setting at the home of a patron with three invited American Soldiers stationed in the Persian Gulf in June 1993.

Deedat and the Pope

Needless to say, Deedat had a particular fondness for the Pope. In 1984, he challenged John Paul II to a public dialogue in the Vatican Square, but the Pope responded that he only agreed to a closed conference in his cabin. However, Deedat wrote back that he insisted “that such meeting should be public,“. When the Pope stopped answering, Deedat distributed a pamphlet in January 1985 headlined His Holiness Plays Hide and Seek With Muslims.

His Writings and Speeches

Ahmed Deedat’s The Choice

Deedat published and mass produced over one dozen palm-sized booklets focusing on the following major themes. Deedat then proceeded to record video lectures on the same topics, multiple copies of which are available featuring different locations from his many tours mentioned earlier. Most of his debates also focus on and around the same material below.

• Is the Bible God’s Word?
• What The Bible Says About Muhammad
• Crucifixion or Cruci-Fiction?
  • several smaller spin-off titles on specific aspects of Crucifixion
• Muhammad: The Natural Successor to Christ
• Christ in Islam
• Muhammad The Greatest
• Al-Qur’an the Miracle of Miracles

In using the Bible as his primary source of evidence, Deedat in his writings on Crucifixion subscribes to the swoon hypothesis.

Capitalizing on his popularity in the Middle East following his receipt of the King Faisal Award, Deedat secured a grant to print a collated volume of four of his booklets. 100,000 copies of this book titled The Choice: Islam and Christianity were initially printed in a very high quality HB ’silk paper’ edition with a striking burgundy cover with gold embossed title. This book was very popular in the 1990s, often available for free at missionary outlets across North America.

Later, a second volume in plain PB entitled The Choice: Volume Two came out featuring six more of Deedat’s booklets collated together. Deedat also widely promoted a South African printing of The Holy Qur’an translation by Abdullah Yusuf Ali with commentary and detailed index. This was widely made available at subsidized costs to the general public and is often mentioned in Deedat’s speeches.

Deedat also produced a booklet entitled “Al-Qur’an: the Ultimate Miracle” featuring the theory of ‘the Number 19′ that was popularized by Arizona-based Egyptian computer analyst Dr. Rashad Khalifa. However, this booklet was later withdrawn from circulation after Dr. Khalifa publicly disclosed some controversial beliefs including his rejection of the entire Hadith literature of Islam.

In 1987, Deedat refuted rumors in South Africa that he was a Qadiani and was distributing a Tafseer of the Qur’aan attributed to a well-known Qadian, Muhammad Asad, by issuing a public statement clarifying his stand, re-stating his view that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad al-Qadiani was a ‘Kaafir’ (i.e. non Muslim), and so were his followers.

Deedat also held a combined lecture with ex-missionary Gary Miller (now Abdul-Ahad Omar) and ex-Catholic cleric James Cunningham -who converted after debating with him- about Islam and Christianity

Criticism

Deedat’s debates and writings have been labelled a form of apologetics. . Lloyd V. J. Ridgeon, professor of Islamic Studies at the University of Glasgow writes:

Ahmed Deedat’s pamphlets are being recycled to a brand new British Muslim constituency. Thus, a new generation is exposed to his malicious new disinformations. The reason for the popularity of such polemicists as Ahmed Deedat is varied: Muslim self-understandings as “the best of all communities” leads them to suppose that Islam prevails over all religions. Combined with the wounded pride of living in a post-colonial world within the continuing hegemony of western culture,some dignity can at least be preserved by claimimg moral and religious superiority.

Still, Deedat’s influence was certainly wider than confined to the underground. Muslim scholar Farid Esack has criticized Deedat, comparing him to such fundamentalists as Rabbi Meir Kahane and Jerry Falwell, and writing:

Deedat’s multitude of anti-Christian, anti-Jewish and anti-Hindu videotapes have told us all that there is to be told about the other, and we are comfortable with that. There are times, of course, when questions surface about the importance of correct dogma, about the importance of labels to a God whom we believe sees beyond labels and looks at the hearts of people. Instead of pursuing these questions, we hasten back and seek refuge in “the known.” We order another of those Deedat tapes.

In France, one of his books titled ‘Christ dans l’Islam’ (Christ in Islam) have been forbidden for sale and distribution since 1994, being considered violently anti-western, antisemitic, inciting to racial hate, and “dangers to public order”. The “Stephen Roth institute for the study of contemporary antisemitism and racism” calls Deedat “anti-Jewish” but does not elaborate.

External sources

• Biography of Ahmed Deedat by the IPCI.
• Combat KIT- Against Bible Thumpers By Ahmad Deedat
• Arabs and Israel - Conflict Or Conciliation? by Sheikh Ahmed Deedat
• Lectures and Debates of Ahmed Deedat
• A List of Deedat’s online books
• Islamic Propagation Center International
• Ahmad-deedat.co.uk - DVDs and VHS
• Books Authored by Sheikh Ahmed Deedat
• High quality video collection of Sheikh Ahmed Deedat’s debates and lectures

See also

• Dawah
• Islamic view of Jesus’ death
• Swoon hypothesis
• Yusuf Estes
• Zakir Naik

usa mint